Laser pointers have been around since visible red laser diodes have been on the market which means they’re older than most of the teenagers who buy them. You’ve seen them used at sales meetings, flashed around at music festivals, and even heard about them in the news, flash blinding pilots.
Laser pointers are typically made from direct laser diodes or Diode Pumped Solid State ( DPSS ) lasers. Direct diode pointers are available in red or violet (made from Blu-Ray lasers at 405 nm WL “nanometers wavelength”) and direct diode green and blue will likely soon be available thanks to a company called KAAI who developed them primarily for the micro laser projector market.
Red laser pointers are available in a variety of wavelengths such as 635 nm, 650 nm, 660nm, 670 nm.
DPSS laser pointers are typically available at the following wavelengths, (blue) at 473 nm, (green) at 532 nm and (yellow) at 589 nm and (orange) at 593 nm. Since the human eye is most sensitive to the color green with a peak apparent brightness at 555 nm this means all other visible colors appear less bright despite the same optical power level.
There are a few things to consider if you want to buy a DPSS laser pointer. Those are the power level and the way the diodes are driven. What I mean about power levels, is the actual optical power level measured at the operating wavelength. A typical green DPSS laser pointer has several laser wavelengths involved to generate a frequency doubled visible output.
Beware that unless the manufacturer provides good optical filtering to exclude IR radiation, the power you measure at 532 nm might also be from the other 2 IR laser wavelengths. You can actually get cheap laser pointers that output infra-red light (808 nm and 1064 nm) almost 10 to 20% as high as visible light, which can be dangerous and deceiving to someone who thinks they bought a paper burning power house. A good laser pointer design will only leak out about 1% IR radiation.
There are two ways to drive DPSS laser pointers, this can be pulsed (turned on and off at a fixed frequency) or CW constant wave (on constantly). It’s easy to determine if you have a pulsed DPSS laser pointer as you will see a chopped up line if you move the beam quickly across the ceiling. A pulsed laser pointer will make your batteries last longer but may be distracting if you wave it around a lot during presentations. Beware that people with photosensitive epilepsy are susceptible to flickering/pulsing/strobing lights in the range of 5 to 30 cycles per second .
The last concern with laser pointers is the biggest, which is safety due to the ever increasing power output available today. Typically laser pointers are limited to 5 milliwatts but there are manufacturers that seem to cater to clients who want more power ( made in China ) and who provide pointers which are more like flashlights, outputting power levels as high as 500 milliwatts in green or red. It also doesn’t take a rocket scientist to buy a laser diode and build a laser driver to make their own higher than legal laser pointer.
To provide a perspective on power levels, a 5 milliwatt green laser at 532 nm would be enough to dazzle your night adjusted vision and possibly cause an automotive accident at say a hundred feet from the source. In contrast a 500 milliwatt green laser could easily cause permanent damage to your vision, start fires by burning paper or other combustible materials at short range and definitely distract an airline pilot approaching a runway at a distance of a mile or two. Safety is everything when it comes to laser pointers.
Since laser applications are so widespread, we cannot outlaw laser pointers, but rather try to apply better controls over their use and distribution. Lasers are strictly controlled by the Food and Drug Administration, FDA in the United States and other governing bodies associated with countries that manufacture and sell them. The department of the federal Canadian government that regulates laser pointers is called Health Canada which has it’s headquarters located in Ottawa, Ontario.
To be sure, lasers were inspired by science fiction, and laser pointers attract not only trekkies and star wars fans but people from all walks of life. Be it over zealous sports fans wanting to affect the outcome of a home game or granny getting her exercise and cheap entertainment while playing follow the red dot with her pet cats, lasers are everywhere.
Anyone looking for more information on lasers, free DIY laser effects instructions or wanting to purchase my e-book “RGB Laser Projector design Guide” please visit http://www.sniffinfo.com